

Another attraction is the Palazzo Lateranense, which served as the pope's residence for many years and now houses the Offices of the Roman Diocese. The palace was the site of some of the most important events in the history of the Catholic Church, including the signing of the Letrán Pact in 1929 which established the Vatican as an independent state.
The square also includes the battistero (baptistery) and the oldest obelisk in Rome, which was brought over from Egypt and measures more than 30 metres in height. At the far end of the square is the Porta San Giovanni – the portal which leads out to the long avenue Via Appia Nuova, one of the busiest and most important thoroughfares for traffic leaving and entering the city centre.